Smallholder agriculture refers to a type of farming system where individuals or families produce crops and raise livestock on a small scale, usually for subsistence or local markets. Smallholder farmers typically have limited resources, such as land, capital, and access to technology. Despite these constraints, smallholder agriculture plays a crucial role in global food production, especially in developing countries. Research in this area often focuses on improving productivity, sustainability, and resilience of smallholder farming systems through various interventions, such as technology adoption, access to credit, market linkages, and capacity building. Additionally, research in smallholder agriculture also addresses issues related to poverty alleviation, food security, and rural development.